Docker

关键概念

docker engine和docker machine的区别

官方文档

简言之，平时说的docker是指docker engine，其是一个客户端-服务端的应用。而docker machine是一个可以安装docker engine的工具。

registry

A registry is a collection of repositories, and a repository is a collection of images。An account on a registry can create many repositories. The docker CLI uses Docker’s public registry by default.

基本配置问题

1. docker hub镜像加速

登陆阿里云，找到镜像中心，镜像加速器，就可以得到加速地址。windows下直接邮件settings即可，在daemon一栏中有Registry mirrors一栏。

1. windows docker share drive，输入微软账户密码即可。

2. 注意dockerfile的换行符一定要用LF，不然会有奇奇怪怪的问题。

get start

orientation

An image is an executable package that includes everything needed to run an application–the code, a runtime, libraries, environment variables, and configuration files.

A container is a runtime instance of an image–what the image becomes in memory when executed (that is, an image with state, or a user process).

docker ps列出正在运行的container。

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## List Docker CLI commands
docker
docker container --help

## Display Docker version and info
docker --version
docker version
docker info

## Execute Docker image
docker run hello-world

## List Docker images
docker image ls

## List Docker containers (running, all, all in quiet mode)
docker container ls
docker container ls --all
docker container ls -aq

container

1. windows下ctrl-c不能停止正在运行的容器，需要使用docker container stop <Container NAME or ID>

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docker build -t friendlyhello .  # Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  # Run "friendlyhello" mapping port 4000 to 80（容器内部端口是80，外部4000）
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello         # Same thing, but in detached mode(后台运行)
docker container ls                                # List all running containers
docker container ls -a             # List all containers, even those not running
docker container stop <hash>           # Gracefully stop the specified container
docker container kill <hash>         # Force shutdown of the specified container
docker container rm <hash>        # Remove specified container from this machine
docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)         # Remove all containers
docker image ls -a                             # List all images on this machine
docker image rm <image id>            # Remove specified image from this machine
docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)   # Remove all images from this machine
docker login             # Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
docker tag <image> username/repository:tag  # Tag <image> for upload to registry
docker push username/repository:tag            # Upload tagged image to registry
docker run username/repository:tag                   # Run image from a registry

services

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docker stack ls                                            # List stacks or apps
docker stack deploy -c <composefile> <appname>  # Run the specified Compose file
docker service ls                 # List running services associated with an app
docker service ps <service>                  # List tasks associated with an app
docker inspect <task or container>                   # Inspect task or container
docker container ls -q                                      # List container IDs
docker stack rm <appname>                             # Tear down an application
docker swarm leave --force      # Take down a single node swarm from the manager

docker-compose

The Compose file is a YAML file defining services, networks and volumes.

Tip: You can use either a .yml or .yaml extension for this file. They both work.

docker compose文件主要包括三大部分：

• services
• networks
• volumes

A service definition contains configuration that is applied to each container started for that service, much like passing command-line parameters to docker container create. Likewise, network and volume definitions are analogous to docker network create and docker volume create.

使用docker compose -f xx.yml up命令启动，这里-f指定当前使用的compose文件名，默认docker-compose.yml。

You can stop your containers using the stop or down command, but the down command does more than stopping your containers.

The docker-compose stop command will stop your containers, but it won’t remove them.

The docker-compose down command will stop your containers, but it also removes the stopped containers as well as any networks that were created. 此外多加一个-v选项可以把volumes也一同删除。

restart a single container with docker-compose

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docker-compose restart service_name # restart contrainer without restart the other containers

上述命令只会“原样”重启容器，而不会应用更改的任何设置。 可以使用如下命令重新构建某个容器，并应用对配置文件的修改。

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docker-compose up --build service_name

docker-compose up for only certain contains

只需要指定服务名即可。

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docker-compose up -d service_name

Docker Detached Mode

容器默认是foreground mode，使用-d选项来进入detached mode。

You can start a docker container in detached mode with a -d option. So the container starts up and run in background. That means, you start up the container and could use the console after startup for other commands.

The opposite of detached mode is foreground mode. That is the default mode, when -d option is not used. In this mode, the console you are using to execute docker run will be attached to standard input, output and error. That means your console is attached to the container’s process.

In detached mode, you can follow the standard output of your docker container with docker logs -f <container_ID>.

ps:

使用docker container start xx启动一个已经停止的容器时，默认是detached mode，-a选项是foreground mode。